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The increase in atmospheric concentration of CO 2 by 31% since 1750 from fossil fuel combustion and land use change necessitates identification of strategies for mitigating the threat of the attendant global warming. Since the industrial revolution, global emissions of carbon (C) are estimated at 270+/-30 Pg (Pg=petagram=10 15 g=1 billion ton) due to fossil fuel combustion and...
Existing groundwater table (GWT) class maps, available at full coverage for the Netherlands at 1:50,000 scale, no longer satisfy user demands. Groundwater levels have changed due to strong human impact, so the maps are partially outdated. Furthermore, a more dynamic description of groundwater table dynamics representative for the current climate is needed. A mapping method to obtain a large set of...
Little has been published on the diversity and importance of microaggregates in tropical latosols and their chemistry and fertility. This study presents a detailed analytical and submicroscopical characterization of microaggregates in selected Brazilian Latosols, representing all latosols orders, by means of electron microprobe and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at high magnification. Chemical...
A physical interpretation of both logarithmic Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) calibration equations and empirical estimates of the solid fraction permittivity of volcanic soils is given in terms of the power-law mixing formulae ε effα = i=1Nf i ε iα . It is shown that, for most of the moisture range, the logarithmic Lichtenecker's law (α=0) may hold in...
Use of soil archives provides the opportunity to retrospectively analyze changes in soil properties. We used the distribution of heavy metals between the exterior and interior of aggregates in recent and archived samples to derive (1) temporal trends in metal concentrations and distribution across aggregates and (2) to assess aggregate turnover times. We collected 11 topsoils under grassland and forest...
Our main objective in the present study was to assess the spatial variation of chemical and physical soil properties and then use this information to select an appropriate area to install a pasture rehabilitation experiment in the Amazon region, Brazil. A regular 25 m grid was used for collecting a total of 2955 soil samples (from 985 georeferenced soil pits) at 0 to10, 10 to 20 and 20 to 30 cm layers...
The impact of heavy metal contamination on crop growth and water quality has become a public concern in southern China where variable charge soils are widespread. A laboratory experiment was designed with contaminated levels of copper (Cu) to estimate the distribution of anthropogenic Cu in different constituents of two variable charge soils using a sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and to evaluate...
Forty years after conversion from chaparral to perennial veldt grass in the San Dimas Experimental Forest, we compared land surface and soil properties between areas of the two vegetation types. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of this vegetation conversion on the soil physical properties likely to impact zero-order watershed hydrology. In three watersheds of each vegetation type, surface...
Soil carbon (C) and total N stocks and turnovers were investigated in five vegetation types and following deforestation and conversion of each vegetation types into arable lands along a 37-km elevation transect in southern highlands of Ethiopia. The elevation transect spanned five different eco-climatic zones from semiarid to cool sub-Afroalpine range, each with different vegetation type. Soil C and...
The scale at which a soil landscape (soilscape) is viewed has a significant impact on soil pattern and interpretations made from those patterns. Recently deglaciated soilscapes are particularly spatially complex. In order to understand how scale impacts pattern on complex soilscapes, we used a GIS to examine soil maps for 13 counties in the northern United States, all affected by Late Wisconsinan...
Texture, among several other factors, may play an important role in controlling the distribution and activity of soil microbial biomass and, in turn, the size and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) pools, and the related dynamics of N and S in soil. Little information is available in the current literature on the occurrence and extent of these textural effects in semiarid soils of Argentinean Pampas...
Previous studies suggested that surface features of soil aggregates, such as clay coatings and slickenside surfaces, could serve as slowly permeable barriers for tracer movement into soil aggregates. The objective of the research was to identify the transport of solutes at the submicroscopic scale as related to the surface aggregate features in two Vertisols and an Alfisol. Solute flow through structural...
The aspect and slope can control the movement of water and material in a hillslope and contribute to the spatial differences of soil properties. In a forest ecosystem, soil properties are also influenced by vegetation composition. The objectives of this study are to examine the characteristics and spatial differences of soil properties in a lowland evergreen broad-leaved rain forest in southern Taiwan,...
Very little was known about how palygorskite affects soil properties when it constitutes a significant component of the soil clay fraction. This constituted a serious impediment for the proper management of palygorskite-containing soils under irrigated agriculture. The present review is intended to summarize studies on the effects of palygorskite on chemical and physico-chemical properties of soils...
So far, soil-landscape models have been based on soil surface topographic information only. However, hillslope hydrology that affects soil distribution is also controlled by sub-surface flow pathways that may not entirely be explained by surface terrain features. This paper compares the accuracy of a model for predicting the spatial variations of the hydromorphic index (HI) using the surface topography...
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